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Using a VPN is a great way to protect your internet traffic when you are traveling, but it is not a solution for encrypting your local files. .

When the FBI needed information from the San Bernardino shot's iPhone, they asked Apple to get a back door to get beyond the encryption. However, no such back door existed, and Apple refused to create one. The FBI needed to employ hackers to get into the phone.

Why wouldn't Apple help Because the moment a back door or comparable hack exists, it becomes a goal, a prize for the poor guys. It will flow sooner or later. In a talk at Black Hat last summer, Apple's Ivan Krstic revealed that the company has done something similar in their cryptographic servers.

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Apple can't update them, but the bad guys can't get in either. .

All of the products in this roundup explicitly state that they have no back door, and that is as it should be. It will mean that in the event you encrypt an essential document and then forget that the encryption password, then you've lost it for good.

Back in the day, if you wanted to maintain a document key you can use a cipher to encrypt it and then burn the original. Or you could lock it up in a safe. The two main approaches in encryption utilities parallel these options.

One type of product simply processes files and folders, turning them into impenetrable encrypted versions of themselves. The other creates a virtual disc that, when open, behaves like any other drive on your system. When you lock the digital drive, each the files you put into it are entirely inaccessible. .

Similar to the digital drive solution, a few goods save your encrypted information in the cloud. This approach requires extreme care, obviously. Encrypted data in the cloud has a much bigger attack surface than encrypted data on your own PC.

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Which is better It really depends on how you plan on using this website encryption. If you're not sure, take advantage of this 30-day free trial offered by each one of these products to have a sense of the different options.

After you copy a document into secure storage, or create an encrypted version of it, you definitely need to wipe the unencrypted original. Just deleting it isn't sufficient, even in the event that you bypass the Recycle Bin, because the information still exists on disk, and data recovery utilities can often return back. .

Some encryption products prevent this problem by encrypting the file in location, literally overwriting it on disk using an encrypted version. It is more common, though, to offer secure deletion as an option. If you select something that lacks this feature, you should find a free secure deletion tool to use along with it. .

Overwriting information my sources before deletion is sufficient to balk software-based retrieval tools. Hardware-based forensic retrieval functions since the magnetic recording of information on a hard drive isn't actually digital. It's more of a waveform. In simple terms, the procedure involves nulling out the known data and reading around the edges of what's left.

An encryption algorithm is like a black box. Dump a document, picture, or other file into it, and you get back what sounds like gibberish. Run that gibberish back via the box, with the same password, and you get back the original.

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The U.S. government has depended on Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) as a standard, and all of the merchandise accumulated here support AES. Even the ones that support other algorithms tend to recommend using AES.

If you're an encryption expert, you might want another algorithm, Blowfish, perhaps, or even the Soviet government's GOST. For the average consumer, however, AES is just fine.

Passwords are important, and you have to keep them secret, right Well, not when you use Public Key Infrastructure (PKI) cryptography.

With PKI, you receive two keys. One is public; you can share it with anyone, enroll it in a key exchange, tattoo it on your our website foreheadwhatever you prefer. The other is personal, and should be closely guarded. If I want to send you a secret document, I simply encrypt it with your public key.

Simple! .

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Using this system in reverse, you can make an electronic signature that shows that your document came from you and hasn't been altered. How Exactly To encrypt it with your private key. The simple fact that your public key decrypts it is all the proof you need. PKI support is less common than support for traditional symmetric algorithms. .

If you want to talk about a document with someone and your encryption application doesn't support PKI, there are different options for sharing. Many products allow creation of a self-decrypting executable file. You could also find that the recipient can use a complimentary, decryption-only tool.